Таблица времен английского языка с примерами для чайников
При изучении временной системы возникает вопрос: сколько времен в английском языке? Мы знаем 3 времени: прошедшее, настоящее и будущее, и они нам понятны. В англ. яз. они такие же: Past, Present, Future. Трудность для изучающих язык заключается в том, что каждое время имеет ещё 4 формы, в зависимости от завершенности, длительности, повторяемости: Simple (indefinite), Continuous (progressive), Perfect, Perfect continuous. Таким образом, всего насчитывается 12 времен действительного залога.
Чтобы стало всё просто и понятно, в данной статье доступно рассмотрим употребление времен в английском языке в примерах и образование времен в английском языке в таблице.
ПРОШЕДШИЕ ВРЕМЕНА ГЛАГОЛА В АНГЛИЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ 
Условные обозначения для чайников:
- S – subject – подлежащее
- V – verb – глагол
- V2 – 2ая форма гл.: окончание –ed у правильных гл. (play - played) или вторая колонка у неправильных (go-went-gone)
- V3 – 3ья форма гл.: окончание –ed у правильных гл. (work - worked) или третья колонка у неправильных (go-went-gone)
- Ving – герундий: окончание –ing у всех глаголов (play – playing)
*Англоязычными людьми чаще всего, особенно в разговорной речи, употребляется краткая форма времен глаголов. Таблицы наглядно покажут сокращенную форму, если такая существует.
PAST SIMPLE (ПРОШЕДШЕЕ ПРОСТОЕ)
|
Утверждение S + V2 |
|
|
I played He played She played It played |
We played You played They played |
|
Отрицание S + did not + V |
|
|
I did not play He did not play She did not play It did not play We did not play You did not play They did not play |
I didn’t play He didn’t play She didn’t play It didn’t play We didn’t play You didn’t play They didn’t play |
|
Вопрос Did + S + V |
|
|
Did I play? Did he play? Did she play? Did it play? |
Did we play? Did you play? Did they play? |
Про случаи употребления времени, про особенности написания правильных глаголов с окончанием –ed и неправильных, а также про принципы произношения –ed в конце глагола в английском вы можете легко ознакомиться здесь: https://eng4school.ru/grammar/times/simple/25-the-past-indefinite-tense.html
PAST CONTINUOUS (ПРОШЕДШЕЕ ПРОДОЛЖЕННОЕ)
|
Утверждение S + was/were + Ving |
|
|
I was playing He was playing She was playing It was playing |
We were playing You were playing They were playing |
|
Отрицание S + was/were not + Ving |
|
|
I was not playing He was not playing She was not playing It was not playing We were not playing You were not playing They were not playing |
I wasn’t playing He wasn’t playing She wasn’t playing It wasn’t playing We weren’t playing You weren’t playing They weren’t playing |
|
Вопрос Was/were + S + Ving |
|
|
Was I playing? Was he playing? Was she playing? Was it playing? |
Were we playing? Were you playing? Were they playing? |
Прошедшее продолженное время с примерами использования и особенностями написания некоторых глаголов с окончанием –ing находится в другой статье.
PAST PERFECT (ПРОШЕДШЕЕ СОВЕРШЕННОЕ)
|
Утверждение S + had + V3 |
|
|
I had played He had played She had played It had played We had played You had played They had played |
I’d played He’d played She’d played It’d played We’d played You’d played They’d played |
|
Отрицание S + had not + V3 |
|
|
I had not played He had not played She had not played It had not played We had not played You had not played They had not played |
I hadn’t played He hadn’t played She hadn’t played It hadn’t played We hadn’t played You hadn’t played They hadn’t played |
|
Вопрос Had + S + V3 |
|
|
Had I played? Had he played? Had she played? Had it played? |
Had we played? Had you played? Had they played? |
В данных таблицах нет слов-помощников, к примеру, наречий или предлогов, с которыми используется время. Ознакомиться с ними и узнать особенности употребления Past Perfect можно в подробной статье об этом времени.
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS (ПРОШЕДШЕЕ СОВЕРШЕННОЕ ПРОДОЛЖЕННОЕ)
|
Утверждение S + had been + Ving |
|
|
I had been playing He had been playing She had been playing It had been playing We had been playing You had been playing They had been playing |
I’d been playing He’d been playing She’d been playing It’d been playing We’d been playing You’d been playing They’d been playing |
|
Отрицание S + had not been + Ving |
|
|
I had not been playing He had not been playing She had not been playing It had not been playing We had not been playing You had not been playing They had not been playing |
I hadn’t been playing He hadn’t been playing She hadn’t been playing It hadn’t been playing We hadn’t been playing You hadn’t been playing They hadn’t been playing |
|
Вопрос Had + S + been + Ving |
|
|
Had I been playing? Had he been playing? Had she been playing? Had it been playing? |
Had we been playing? Had you been playing? Had they been playing? |
Узнать, в каких случаях пользуются этим временем, можно в другой статье.
НАСТОЯЩИЕ ВРЕМЕНА АНГЛИЙСКОГО ЯЗЫКА
PRESENT SIMPLE (НАСТОЯЩЕЕ ПРОСТОЕ)
|
Утверждение S + V (s) |
|
|
I play He plays She plays It plays |
We play You play They play |
|
Отрицание S + do/does not + V |
|
|
I do not play He does not play She does not play It does not play We do not play You do not play They do not play |
I don’t play He doesn’t play She doesn’t play It doesn’t play We don’t play You don’t play They don’t play |
|
Вопрос Do/does + S + V |
|
|
Do I play? Does he play? Does she play? Does it play? |
Do we play? Do you play? Do they play? |
Простая дополнительная информация об образовании настоящего времени, его употреблении (+ примеры), произношении –s в конце глагола, его написание с окончанием -s находится в доступной статье для чайника: https://eng4school.ru/grammar/times/simple/15-the-present-indefinite-tense.html
PRESENT CONTINUOUS (НАСТОЯЩЕЕ ПРОДОЛЖЕННОЕ)
|
Утверждение S + am/is/are + Ving |
|
|
I am playing He is playing She is playing It is playing We are playing You are playing They are playing |
I’m playing He’s playing She’s playing It’s playing We’re playing You’re playing They’re playing |
|
Отрицание S + am/is/are not + Ving |
|
|
I am not playing He is not playing She is not playing It is not playing We are not playing You are not playing They are not playing |
I’m not playing He isn’t playing She isn’t playing It isn’t playing We aren’t playing You aren’t playing They aren’t playing |
|
Вопрос Am/is/are + S + Ving |
|
|
Am I playing? Is he playing? Is she playing? Is it playing? |
Are we playing? Are you playing? Are they playing? |
Следуя простому содержанию подробной статьи, изучающий язык будет употреблять Present Continuous в верных ситуациях, правильно писать глаголы с окончанием –ing, знать те, которые не употребляются во временах Continuous: https://eng4school.ru/grammar/times/continuous/6800-the-present-continuous-tense.html
PRESENT PERFECT (НАСТОЯЩЕЕ СОВЕРШЕННОЕ)
|
Утверждение S + have/has + V3 |
|
|
I have played He has played She has played It has played We have played You have played They have played |
I’ve played He’s played She’s played It’s played We’ve played You’ve played They’ve played |
|
Отрицание S + have/has not + V3 |
|
|
I have not played He has not played She has not played It has not played We have not played You have not played They have not played |
I haven’t played He hasn’t played She hasn’t played It hasn’t played We haven’t played You haven’t played They haven’t played |
|
Вопрос Have/has + S + V3 |
|
|
Have I played? Has he played? Has she played? Has it played? |
Have we played? Have you played? Have they played? |
Как видно в таблицах, времена глаголов часто образуются вспомогательными глаголами и прибавлением окончаний к основным. Чтобы их правильно написать с окончанием –ed во временных формах Perfect, а также знать случаи употребления, нужно ознакомиться со другой статьей.
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS (НАСТОЯЩЕЕ СОВЕРШЕННОЕ ПРОДОЛЖЕННОЕ)
|
Утверждение S + have/has been + Ving |
|
|
I have been playing He has been playing She has been playing It has been playing We have been playing You have been playing They have been playing |
I’ve been playing He’s been playing She’s been playing It’s been playing We’ve been playing You’ve been playing They’ve been playing |
|
Отрицание S + have/has not been + Ving |
|
|
I have not been playing He has not been playing She has not been playing It has not been playing We have not been playing You have not been playing They have not been playing |
I haven’t been playing He hasn’t been playing She hasn’t been playing It hasn’t been playing We haven’t been playing You haven’t been playing They haven’t been playing |
|
Вопрос Have/has + S + been + Ving |
|
|
Have I been playing? Has he been playing? Has she been playing? Has it been playing? |
Have we been playing? Have you been playing? Have they been playing? |
Во временах группы Continuous не используются некоторые глаголы. Узнать их список можно в подробной статье.
БУДУЩИЕ АНГЛИЙСКИЕ ВРЕМЕНА
FUTURE SIMPLE (БУДУЩЕЕ ПРОСТОЕ)
|
Утверждение S + will + V |
|
|
I will play He will play She will play It will play We will play You will play They will play |
I’ll play He’ll play She’ll play It’ll play We’ll play You’ll play They’ll play |
|
Отрицание S + will not + V |
|
|
I will not play He will not play She will not play It will not play We will not play You will not play They will not play |
I won’t play He won’t play She won’t play It won’t play We won’t play You won’t play They won’t play |
|
Вопрос Will + S + V |
|
|
Will I play? Will he play? Will she play? Will it play? |
Will we play? Will you play? Will they play? |
Чтобы узнать подробнее об особенностях образования простого будущего времени и использования shall в 1 лице ед. и мн. ч., перейдите по следующей ссылке: https://eng4school.ru/grammar/times/simple/663-the-future-indefinite-tense.html
FUTURE CONTINUOUS (БУДУЩЕЕ ПРОДОЛЖЕННОЕ)
|
Утверждение S + will be + Ving |
|
|
I will be playing He will be playing She will be playing It will be playing We will be playing You will be playing They will be playing |
I’ll be playing He’ll be playing She’ll be playing It’ll be playing We’ll be playing You’ll be playing They’ll be playing |
|
Отрицание S + will not be + Ving |
|
|
I will not be playing He will not be playing She will not be playing It will not be playing We will not be playing You will not be playing They will not be playing |
I won’t be playing He won’t be playing She won’t be playing It won’t be playing We won’t be playing You won’t be playing They won’t be playing |
|
Вопрос Will + S + be + Ving |
|
|
Will I be playing? Will he be playing? Will she be playing? Will it be playing? |
Will we be playing? Will you be playing? Will they be playing? |
Узнать особенности этого времени с примерами на английском можно в подробной статье о нем.
FUTURE PERFECT (БУДУЩЕЕ СОВЕРШЕННОЕ)
|
Утверждение S + will have + V3 |
|
|
I will have played He will have played She will have played It will have played We will have played You will have played They will have played |
I’ll have played He’ll have played She’ll have played It’ll have played We’ll have played You’ll have played They’ll have played |
|
Отрицание S + will not have + V3 |
|
|
I will not have played He will not have played She will not have played It will not have played We will not have played You will not have played They will not have played |
I won’t have played He won’t have played She won’t have played It won’t have played We won’t have played You won’t have played They won’t have played |
|
Вопрос Will + S + have + V3 |
|
|
Will I have played? Will he have played? Will she have played? Will it have played? |
Will we have played? Will you have played? Will they have played? |
Запомнить случаи употребления будущего совершенного с английскими примерами поможет подробная статья.
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS (БУДУЩЕЕ СОВЕРШЕННОЕ ПРОДОЛЖЕННОЕ)
|
Утверждение S + will have been + Ving |
|
|
I will have been playing He will have been playing She will have been playing It will have been playing We will have been playing You will have been playing They will have been playing |
I’ll have been playing He’ll have been playing She’ll have been playing It’ll have been playing We’ll have been playing You’ll have been playing They’ll have been playing |
|
Отрицание S + will not have been + Ving |
|
|
I will not have been playing He will not have been playing She will not have been playing It will not have been playing We will not have been playing You will not have been playing They will not have been playing |
I won’t have been playing He won’t have been playing She won’t have been playing It won’t have been playing We won’t have been playing You won’t have been playing They won’t have been playing |
|
Вопрос Will + S + have been + Ving |
|
|
Will I have been playing? Will he have been playing? Will she have been playing? Will it have been playing? |
Will we have been playing? Will you have been playing? Will they have been playing? |
Некоторые считают, что английская грамматика сложная. Таблицами не отражено использование времен с примерами. Подробнее про будущее совершенное длительное можно узнать в полной статье о нем.
Существует простая таблица времен английского языка. Используя эту таблицу, изучающему языки будет проще обращаться с временами английской грамматики. Все времена представлены следующей таблицей.
Времена английского глагола - сводная таблица
|
Утверждение (+) |
Отрицание (-) |
Вопрос (?) |
|
S + V2 |
S + did not + V |
Did + S + V |
|
I played He played She played It played We played You played They played |
I did not play He did not play She did not play It did not play We did not play You did not play They did not play |
Did I play? Did he play? Did she play? Did it play? Did we play? Did you play? Did they play? |
|
PAST CONTINUOUS |
||
|
S + was/were + Ving |
S + was/were not + Ving |
Was/were + S + Ving |
|
I was playing He was playing She was playing It was playing We were playing You were playing They were playing |
I was not playing He was not playing She was not playing It was not playing We were not playing You were not playing They were not playing |
Was I playing? Was he playing? Was she playing? Was it playing? Were we playing? Were you playing? Were they playing? |
|
PAST PERFECT |
||
|
S + had + V3 |
S + had not + V3 |
Had + S + V3 |
|
I had played He had played She had played It had played We had played You had played They had played |
I had not played He had not played She had not played It had not played We had not played You had not played They had not played |
Had I played? Had he played? Had she played? Had it played? Had we played? Had you played? Had they played? |
|
PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS |
||
|
S + had been + Ving |
S + had not been + Ving |
Had + S + been + Ving |
|
I had been playing He had been playing She had been playing It had been playing We had been playing You had been playing They had been playing |
I had not been playing He had not been playing She had not been playing It had not been playing We had not been playing You had not been playing They had not been playing |
Had I been playing? Had he been playing? Had she been playing? Had it been playing? Had we been playing? Had you been playing? Had they been playing? |
|
S + V (s) |
S + do/does not + V |
Do/does + S + V |
|
I play He plays She plays It plays We play You play They play |
I do not play He does not play She does not play It does not play We do not play You do not play They do not play |
Do I play? Does he play? Does she play? Does it play? Do we play? Do you play? Do they play? |
|
S + am/is/are + Ving |
S + am/is/are not + Ving |
Am/is/are + S + Ving |
|
I am playing He is playing She is playing It is playing We are playing You are playing They are playing |
I am not playing He is not playing She is not playing It is not playing We are not playing You are not playing They are not playing |
Am I playing? Is he playing? Is she playing? Is it playing? Are we playing? Are you playing? Are they playing? |
|
PRESENT PERFECT |
||
|
S + have/has + V3 |
S + have/has not + V3 |
Have/has + S + V3 |
|
I have played He has played She has played It has played We have played You have played They have played |
I have not played He has not played She has not played It has not played We have not played You have not played They have not played |
Have I played? Has he played? Has she played? Has it played? Have we played? Have you played? Have they played? |
|
PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS |
||
|
S + have/has been + Ving |
S + have/has not been + Ving |
Have/has + S + been + Ving |
|
I have been playing He has been playing She has been playing It has been playing We have been playing You have been playing They have been playing |
I have not been playing He has not been playing She has not been playing It has not been playing We have not been playing You have not been playing They have not been playing |
Have I been playing? Has he been playing? Has she been playing? Has it been playing? Have we been playing? Have you been playing? Have they been playing? |
|
S + will + V |
S + will not + V |
Will + S + V |
|
I will play He will play She will play It will play We will play You will play They will play |
I will not play He will not play She will not play It will not play We will not play You will not play They will not play |
Will I play? Will he play? Will she play? Will it play? Will we play? Will you play? Will they play? |
|
FUTURE CONTINUOUS |
||
|
S + will be + Ving |
S + will not be + Ving |
Will + S + be + Ving |
|
I will be playing He will be playing She will be playing It will be playing We will be playing You will be playing They will be playing |
I will not be playing He will not be playing She will not be playing It will not be playing We will not be playing You will not be playing They will not be playing |
Will I be playing? Will he be playing? Will she be playing? Will it be playing? Will we be playing? Will you be playing? Will they be playing? |
|
FUTURE PERFECT |
||
|
S + will have + V3 |
S + will not have + V3 |
Will + S + have + V3 |
|
I will have played He will have played She will have played It will have played We will have played You will have played They will have played |
I will not have played He will not have played She will not have played It will not have played We will not have played You will not have played They will not have played |
Will I have played? Will he have played? Will she have played? Will it have played? Will we have played? Will you have played? Will they have played? |
|
FUTURE PERFECT CONTINUOUS |
||
|
S + will have been + Ving |
S + will not have been + Ving |
Will + S + have been + Ving |
|
I will have been playing He will have been playing She will have been playing It will have been playing We will have been playing You will have been playing They will have been playing |
I will not have been playing He will not have been playing She will not have been playing It will not have been playing We will not have been playing You will not have been playing They will not have been playing |
Will I have been playing? Will he have been playing? Will she have been playing? Will it have been playing? Will we have been playing? Will you have been playing? Will they have been playing? |
Скачать Сводная таблица всех времен английского языка:
Количество простых таблиц по теме времён в данной статье много, они отображают полную картину английских глаголов со всеми нюансами. Следующей формой можно сократить предыдущую таблицу до простой памятки. Знающему английский язык она будет помощником, находясь всегда под рукой.
Времена англ. языка в таблице - памятка.
|
|
SIMPLE |
CONTINUOUS |
PERFECT |
PERFECT CONTINUOUS |
|
PAST |
V2/ed I played I wrote |
was/were + Ving I was playing We were playing |
had + V3/ed I had played I had written |
had been + Ving I had been playing |
|
PRESENT |
V (s) I play He plays |
am/is/are + Ving I am playing He is playing We are playing |
have/has + V3/ed I have played He has written |
have/has been + Ving I have been playing He has been playing |
|
FUTURE |
will + V I will play |
will be + Ving I will be playing |
will have + V3/ed I will have played I will have written |
will have been + Ving I will have been playing |
Страдательный залог
Выше перечислены все времена действительного залога. Их 12. Существует ещё и страдательный залог. По английскому будет Passive Voice. Про употребление страдательного залога прочитайте в подробной статье.
Не все времена употребляются в страдательном залоге. Их только 8. Поэтому на вопрос «Сколько времен в английском языке?» можно ответить не 12, а 20, прибавив к действительному и страдательный залог.
Ниже приведена таблица спряжения в PASSIVE VOICE.
|
|
SIMPLE |
CONTINUOUS |
PERFECT |
PERFECT CONTINUOUS |
|
PAST |
was/were + V3 I was asked |
was/were + being + V3 I was being asked |
had been + V3 I had been asked |
- |
|
PRESENT |
am/is/are + V3 I am asked |
am/is/are + being + V3 I am being asked |
have/has been + V3 I have been asked |
- |
|
FUTURE |
will be + V3 I will be asked |
- |
will have been + V3 I will have been asked |
- |
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